5/29/2023 0 Comments Transistor biased![]() To achieve faithful amplification the following basic condition most be satisfy : The theory of a transistor suggests that it will function properly if its input circuit (that is base-emitter junction) is forward biased and the output circuit (that is collector-base junction) is reverse biased at all times. The basic purpose of biasing is to keep the base emitter junction forward biased and collector base junction is reverse biased, during the application of signal.ĭuring amplification the magnitude of signal should increase and there should be no change in signal shape, this increase in magnitude of the signal without any change in shape is known as faithful amplification. Also the temperature of the transistor can adversely effect the operating point.Transistor biasing is required for proper operation of transistors in any circuit. With this single resistor type of biasing method the biasing voltages and currents do not remain stable during transistor operation and can vary enormously. Then the value of R B is simply: (V CC – V BE)/I B where I B is defined as I C/β. Assuming a standard bipolar transistor, the forward base-emitter voltage drop will be 0.7V. ![]() The emitter diode of the transistor is forward biased by applying the required positive base bias voltage via the current limiting resistor R B. This type of transistor biasing arrangement is also beta-dependent biasing as the steady-state condition of operation is a function of the transistors beta β value, so the biasing point will vary over a wide range for transistors of the same type as the characteristics of the transistors will not be exactly the same. This two resistor biasing network is used to establish the initial operating region of the transistor using a fixed current bias. The circuit shown is called as a “fixed base bias circuit”, because the transistors base current, I B remains constant for given values of Vcc, and therefore the transistors operating point must also remain fixed. Hence the Q point can be adjusted just by changing the value of the resistor connected to the base. And by using the current gain (β) relationship, I C can also be found out accordingly. Thus, by merely changing the value of the resistor the base current can be adjusted to the desired value. ![]() In this condition, a single power source is applied to the collector and base of the transistor using only two resistors. Fixed Base Biasing a Transistor: Fixed Base Biasing in BJT One of the most frequently used biasing circuits for a transistor circuit is with the self-bias of the emitter-bias circuit where one or more biasing resistors are used to set up the initial DC values of transistor currents, ( I B ), ( I C ) and ( I E ). In other words, the output current flows for the full 360 o of the input cycle. ![]() This mode of operation allows the output current to increase and decrease around the amplifiers Q-point without distortion as the input signal swings through a complete cycle. When a bipolar transistor is biased so that the Q-point is near the middle of its operating range, that is approximately halfway between cut-off and saturation, it is said to be operating as a Class-A amplifier. This central operating point is called the “Quiescent Operating Point”, or Q-point for short. The correct biasing point for a bipolar transistor, either NPN or PNP, generally lies somewhere between the two extremes of operation with respect to it being either “ fully-ON” or “fully-OFF” along its load line. Transistor Biasing Transistor Biasing:Įstablishing the correct operating point requires the proper selection of bias resistors and load resistors to provide the appropriate input current and collector voltage conditions. Transistor Biasing is the process of setting a transistors DC operating voltage or current conditions to the correct level so that any AC input signal can be amplified correctly by the transistor. ![]()
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